Nao TSUNODA
第64回日本西洋史学会 2014/06 Poster presentation Rikkyo University, Tokyo
In Old-Regime Paris, the production and retailing of everyday commodities were controlled by the guild system. Because of the segmentation of clothing production and distribution guilds, consumers had no option other than expensive custom-made clothes or unfashionable secondhand ones. Though the tailors’ guilds generally sold the latter in pre-modern Europe, in Paris, a guild of secondhand-clothes merchants, fripiers, had existed independently since the 13th century. In 1776, however, Parisian guilds were reorganized after the dismissal of Controller-General of Finances Turgot and the revocation of his reforms, which had included the abolition of guilds. The reorganization of the guilds resulted in the integration of the guilds of tailors and fripiers, which in turn led to the possibility of Parisian tailors retailing ready-made clothes, as well as the creation of a new guild of fashion merchants, marchands de modes, who began to sell ready-made clothes.
During the French Revolution, le Chapelier law eventually abolished the guild system, and by the 1820s, the production and retailing of ready-made clothes had become established in Paris.
In this session, we will consider the clothing production and distribution structure in Paris during this transitional period according to the categorization of clothes: custom-made, secondhand, and ready-made.